🇵🇱 Poland
Polish citizenship can be obtained through naturalization, recognition, or presidential grant. Most common path: recognition as a Polish citizen after 3 years of continuous residence on a permanent residence or EU long-term resident permit with stable income and B1 Polish. Spouses of Polish citizens: 2 years residence with permanent/long-term permit + 3 years of marriage. Presidential grant: discretionary, no fixed criteria. Poland allows dual citizenship — no requirement to renounce previous nationality. Major proposed 2025-2026 reforms may extend the residency requirement to 5-8 years, introduce a citizenship test (language, history, culture), require an oath of loyalty, and increase fees to PLN 1,000-1,669. Current applicants encouraged to apply before reforms take effect.
Processing Time
3-12 months
Cost
PLN 219 (current) — may increase to PLN 1,000-1,669 under reforms
Duration
Permanent
Path to Permanent Residence
Yes
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