Can I get Portuguese citizenship after 5 years, or has the law changed?

The Portuguese citizenship timeline is currently in flux due to proposed law changes in 2025. Here's what you need to know about the current situation and what it means for your citizenship plans.

Current Law (Still in Effect)

As of January 2026, the law that allows citizenship after 5 years of legal residence is still technically in effect. However, this may change.

Requirements under current law:

• 5 years of legal residence in Portugal
• A2 level Portuguese language proficiency (CIPLE exam or 150-hour course)
• Clean criminal record
• Sufficient ties to Portuguese community
• No outstanding tax or social security debts

The Proposed Changes (2025)

What happened:

• June 2025: Portuguese government proposed changes to Nationality Law
• October 28, 2025: Parliament passed the new law
• November 13, 2025: Socialist Party requested Constitutional Court review
• Status: Law is currently suspended pending Constitutional Court decision

Key proposed changes:

*CPLP = Portuguese-speaking countries (Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, etc.)

Constitutional Court Review

The Socialist Party challenged several provisions as unconstitutional:

• The court returned its decision striking down some provisions
• Key victory: Pending applications cannot be subjected to new timeline retroactively

What This Means For You

If you've already completed 5 years:

• Apply NOW under current rules
• Pending applications will be processed under the 5-year rule

If you're close to 5 years:

• Submit your application as soon as you're eligible
• Having a complete application filed before any new law takes effect protects you

If you're just starting:

• Plan for the possibility of a 10-year timeline
• The law may change again—nothing is final
• Start the process (residency, language learning) regardless

The A2 Language Requirement

Regardless of timeline changes, you'll need A2 Portuguese:

CIPLE Exam:

• Official test administered by Camões Institute
• Tests reading, writing, listening, speaking
• Cost: €90-100
• Offered several times per year at various locations

150-Hour Course Alternative:

• Complete 150 hours at accredited institution
• Receive certificate proving A2 level
• No exam required
• Good option for test-anxious applicants

Timeline to reach A2:

• Intensive study: 3-6 months
• Regular classes: 6-12 months
• Start early—don't wait until year 4

Practical Advice

1. Don't delay based on uncertainty: Start your residency journey now. You need years of legal residence either way.

1. Track your residence carefully: Keep copies of all residence permits, travel records, and proof of ties to Portugal.

1. Start Portuguese lessons early: A2 takes months to achieve; language learning is valuable regardless.

1. Monitor the situation: Follow Portuguese news and immigration lawyers' updates on the law.

1. Maintain continuous residence: Gaps in residence can reset your clock.

Common Questions

Q: Can I still apply for citizenship after 5 years?

A: Currently yes, but this may change. Apply as soon as eligible.

Q: If I'm already a resident, will the new rules apply to me?

A: Applications submitted before any new law takes effect should be processed under current rules. The Constitutional Court ruled against retroactive application to pending cases.

Q: Does buying property help with citizenship?

A: No. Citizenship is based on years of residence and integration, not investment. (Golden Visa counts as residence but doesn't accelerate citizenship.)

Q: Can I maintain dual citizenship?

A: Portugal generally allows dual citizenship. Check your home country's rules.

The Portuguese citizenship situation is evolving. The best strategy is to begin your residency now, learn Portuguese, and be ready to apply when eligible under whatever rules exist at that time.